The International Energy Agency (IEA) states that 306 million tonnes of green hydrogen must be produced annually by 2050 to meet net zero targets.
Achieving this requires significant progress in making hydrogen more accessible and affordable.
As a crucial part of the drive towards a sustainable and carbon-neutral future, hydrogen is seen as a key fuel in this transition, emphasising the importance of investment and innovation to meet the agency’s ambitious goals.
Here, we look at the top 10 most cutting-edge hydrogen developments in the world.
10. Australian Renewable Energy Hub
The Australian Renewable Energy Hub (AREH), set for development in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, aims to become one of the world’s largest renewable energy plants.
Once complete, it will supply renewable power to local customers in the mining sector and produce green hydrogen for domestic use and export.
Initially known as the Asian Renewable Energy Hub, the project is being developed by bp, Macquarie, InterContinental Energy, and CWP, with a phased development approach.
9. AMAN
CWP is developing the AMAN project in northwest Mauritania, a 30GW mixed-generation green hydrogen initiative.
Harnessing the region’s abundant solar and wind resources, AMAN is progressing to the Pre-FEED stage, with resource measurements in the second phase.
The project will span 8,500km² and aims to position Mauritania as a key exporter of renewable hydrogen to Europe. Once completed, it will support the country’s goal to become a significant player in the global renewable energy market.
8. Green Energy Oman
Green Energy Oman (GEO) is a 25GW wind and solar facility aiming to supply green fuels in a decarbonised economy.
Using Oman’s wind and sunlight, GEO will convert seawater into green ammonia, methanol, synthetic fuels and hydrogen. The project could also provide affordable clean energy to the local economy.
Expected to be fully operational by the next decade, GEO will produce 1.8 million tonnes of green hydrogen annually. It is being developed by a consortium including OQ, InterContinental Energy, EnerTech and Shell.
7. Hyrasia One
Svevind Energy’s Hyrasia One project in Kazakhstan is one of the largest green hydrogen initiatives globally, set to produce up to two million tonnes of green hydrogen or 11 million tonnes of green ammonia annually.
The project is divided into two phases: developing wind and solar parks for 40GW of renewable energy, followed by constructing an industrial-scale facility for hydrogen and ammonia production.
Positioned between Europe and East Asia, Kazakhstan is well-situated to become a key hydrogen hub.
6. Unnamed SCZONE Ain Sokhna project
As part of Egypt's plan to make the Suez Canal Economic Zone (SCZone) a global green fuels hub, the ACME site is projected to produce 2.1 million tonnes of hydrogen.
While its specific use is unclear, it may be used for refuelling ships and exports.
The SCZone has agreements valued at over US$31bn to produce 2.5 million tonnes of green hydrogen annually and 3 million tonnes of green fuels, including green ammonia.
5. Hydrogen City
Hydrogen City in Texas is an integrated green hydrogen production, storage and transport hub in a state known for oil and gas.
ABB has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Green Hydrogen International (GHI) to develop this major facility.
A 120km pipeline will transport hydrogen to Corpus Christi energy port, 300km from Houston, for conversion to ammonia and export to Europe and Asia. The site utilises salt caverns for storage, with a capacity of up to 24,000 tonnes of hydrogen.
4. Western Green Energy Hub
The Western Green Energy Hub, spanning 15,000km² of land rich in wind and solar resources, is being developed by InterContinental Energy, CWP Global and Mirning Traditional Lands Aboriginal Corporation.
It aims to produce 3.5 million tonnes of green hydrogen vectors annually. Most of the output will be geared towards the export market, with green fuels expected to see significant growth in the coming decade and beyond.
The project capitalises on the area's ideal renewable energy potential.
3. Unnamed Nouakchott project
Infinity Power Holding, a joint venture between the UAE’s Masdar, Egypt’s Infinity and Germany’s Conjuncta, is developing a US$34bn green hydrogen project in Mauritania.
Set to produce 10GW of green hydrogen, the project will be completed in four phases, with the first 400MW phase expected to be operational by 2028.
The hydrogen will be exported either as hydrogen itself or as derivatives like ammonia or methanol. While the first phase’s timeline is set, details about the subsequent phases for scaling up the project have not yet been disclosed. The project is located in Nouakchott.
2. Fleur-de-lys Green Hydrogen Production Hub
Located in Quebec, Canada, Green Hydrogen International’s Fleur-de-lys Green Hydrogen Production Hub will be powered by 500GW of offshore wind to produce hydrogen for green ammonia.
While details on the project remain limited, it has already secured 40,000 acres of potential salt cavern storage, which will be used for hydrogen storage.
The project highlights Quebec's abundant renewable energy resources and positions the region as a key player in the future green hydrogen market, with the salt caverns providing a secure solution for large-scale hydrogen storage.
1. Spirit of Scotia Green Hydrogen Production Hub
Green Hydrogen International’s Spirit of Scotia Green Hydrogen Production Hub, located in Nova Scotia, aims to generate 43 million tonnes of hydrogen annually using 500GW of offshore wind.
This project seeks to establish Nova Scotia as a global leader in green hydrogen production and is considered the largest green energy initiative in Canadian history.
With 130,000 acres of storage-grade salt rights secured across the province, the hub will supply green hydrogen to both European and North American markets, ensuring a stable and sustainable energy source for the future.
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